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UPDATED: 6:30 a.m. ET, Feb. 1, 2021 —
Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, on Feb. 1, 1902 — a date that would go on to mark the start of Black History Month. The legendary writer and poet would go onto become one of the most iconic figures of the Harlem Renaissance, which would include Zora Neale Hurston, Wallace Thurman, Claude McKay, Countee Cullen, Richard Wright and many others.
Hughes was first published in 1921 “The Crisis,” which was the official magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which went on to become more commonly referred to as the NAACP. He would release a collection of poems all throughout the 1920s that included “The Weary Blues, “Fine Clothes to the Jew,” “The Negro Mother and Other Dramatic Recitation,” “Dear Lovely Death” and “The Dream Keeper and Other Poems.”
He also wrote novels and short stories like “Not Without Laughter,” “Laughing to Keep from Crying,” “Simple Speaks His Mind” and, one of his most famous, “The Ways of White Folks.”
Hughes’ work was deeply political and unapologetically Black, as shown by the following brief passage that was published in The Nation in 1926.
“The younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased we are glad,” Hughes wrote at the time. “If they are not, it doesn’t matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly, too. The tom-tom cries, and the tom-tom laughs. If colored people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure doesn’t matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain free within ourselves.”
Many African American visionaries, including Hughes, uprooted themselves from the United States and moved to Paris due to the heated racial climate in America. They felt like their work was more appreciated in Europe than at home and believed that Paris afforded them more opportunities to further their careers.
Hughes’ former home in Harlem was ultimately designated to be a national landmark; one of 22 American sites with Black cultural significance that the African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund has actively worked to protect and preserve.
Hughes died May 22, 1967, following complications after abdominal surgery related to prostate cancer. He was 65 years old.
Hughes’ legacy still lives on. His work has been featured in films, plays and music and remains a staple in American culture, especially in the Black community.
See some of his most iconic words below, which are still very much relevant in 2021.