Principal Jessica Johnson says her students face 14 different types of traumas that inhibit learning.

Students are under siege, over-policed, and marginalized in their communities and schools. That creates barriers to learning.

Black students disproportionately face a set of barriers to success that researchers call Adverse Childhood Experiences.

Many Black students have the formidable task of succeeding while trapped in traumatizing, unsupportive community and school environments.